Passive

The passive voice

Voice is the structure of the verb.

When subject does something that is an active voice.

When object do something that is passive voice.

Example:

Active voice: Cat kills mice. In this sentence, “cat” is subject, “kills” is verb, and “mice” is object.

Passive voice: Mice are killed by cat.

  

Rules of the voice change.

Rule no: 1. (a) the subject of the active voice is changed object of the passive voice.

               (b) the object of the active voice is changed subject of the passive  voice.

(c) Main verb always is past participle and before the main verb must use auxiliary verb as follows subject and tense.

Rule no: 2. How to use the auxiliary verb:

Simple present: am, is , are

Simple past: was, were

Simple future: shall be, will be

Present continuous: am being, is being, are being

Past continuous: was being, were being

Future continuous: shall be being, will be being

Present perfect: has been, have been

Past perfect: had been

Future perfect: shall have been, will have been

Comparison of adjectives

Comparison of adjective describe the difference of quality and position. And the volume of the difference is called Degree of comparison.

Examples:

• Sskib is a good player. [positive]
  
  
• Sakib is better than Watson. [comparative]
  
  
• Sakib is the best of all. [superlative]

Degree of comparison rules:

Add “er” in the comparative and “est” in the superlative to adjectives ending in a double consonant or a single consonant if there is a double Vowel before consonant.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
strong rich poor high deep cold bold tall hard black	Stronger richer poorer higher deeper colder bolder taller harder blacker	strongest richest poorest highest deepest coldest boldest tallest hardest blackest

Add “double consonant+er” in the comparative and “double consonant +est” in the superlative to adjectives ending in a single consonant or a single Vowel.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Big thin red hot fat	Bigger thinner redder hotter fatter	Biggest thinnest reddest hottest fattest

Possessive adjectives

How to use possessive adjectives?

We can use possessive adjectives to show ownership.

• Here is my mother.
• This is our school.
• It is my pen.

Subject pronoun	Possessive adjective
I	My
We	Our
You	Your
He	His
She	Her
They	Their
It	Its

Here is the difference between the possessive pronoun and the possessive adjective.

Possessive pronouns	Possessive adjectives
This pen is mine.	This is my pen.
This school is ours.	This is our school.
Which book is yours?	Which is your book?

Function of adjectives.

How to use adjectives?

We can use adjectives to describe the size.

• He is a tall man.
• You are a little boy.
• This is a short film.

We can use adjectives to describe the shape.

• The earth is round.
• This is a square box.
• It was a triangular shape.

We can use adjectives to describe colour.

• The sky is blue.
• The green is sign of peace.
• This is a black board.

We can use adjectives to describe distance.

• It is so far.
• I have open a business for a long time.
• He went for a long walk.

We can use adjectives to describe temperature.

• Do not put your hand in the hot water.
• Today is very cold.
• The day was hot.

We can use adjectives to describe quality.

• He was an honest man.
• The boy is very poor.
• She was a rich man.

We can use adjectives to describe nationality.

• I am Bangladeshi.
• This computer is German.
• This was a French flag.

Adjectives

What is the adjective?

Adjectives give various information about noun and pronoun. The form of an adjective does not change depending on the number or gender of the noun.

Examples:

• He is a good boy. [male]
  
  
• She is a good girl. [female]
  
  
• There is a green mango in the box. [singular]
  
  
• There are some green mangoes in the box. [plural]

Classes of adjective

• Qualitative adjectives: age, colour, size, smell etc.
  
  
• Quantitative adjectives: all, half, more, some etc.
  
  
• Numeric adjectives: one, three,six, one hundred etc.
  
  
• Demonstrative adjectives: that, this, those, these etc.
  
  
• Interrogative adjectives: what, which, whose etc.
  
  
• Possessive adjectives: my, our, their, her etc.

Note: (a) Who and which are not used in interrogative adjective.

(b) The articles a , an, the also are one kind of adjective.

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